Intambara yo mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo ni yo iri ku isonga y’ibiza kuganirwaho mu nama y’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika iriko ibera muri Etiyopiya. Icyakora amahirwe yo kuba hari intambwe yaterwa mu gukemura iki kibazo mu nzira za dipolomasi ni makeya cyane.
Ni mu gihe inyeshyamba za M23 zikomeje kwigarurira ibice byinshi, kandi n’umukuru w’u Rwanda rushinjwa kuzishyigikira, aheruka kuvuga ko “azacira mu maso” uwo ari we wese uzagerageza kugira ibyo amuhatiriza gukora.
Umuvuduko w’inyeshyamba za M23 mu kwigarurira ibice ugenzura mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo wateje icyoba ko akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari by’Afurika kakongera kwisanga mu ntambara yagutse ishyamiranyije ingabo z’ibihugu bituranyi. Ibyo bikibutsa intambara zo mu myaka ya za 90 na za 2000 zahitanye ababarirwa muri za miliyoni.
Inama y’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ibera i Addis Ababa muri Etiyopiya kuva kuri uyu wa Gatandatu kugeza ku Cyumweru, isobanuye indi ntambwe mu muhate w’akarere wo guhosha iyi ntambara.
Nyamara inyeshyamba za M23 zirengagije ubusabe bw’inama iheruka mu cyumweru gishize yahamagariraga ko amahoro yagaruka, zikomeza imirwano mu gihe zifatiye ikibuga c'indege ca Kavumu kiri i Bukavu. Uwu muji uherereye mu birometero 200 mu majyepfo ya Goma, zaherukaga kwigarurira mu kwezi gushize.
Aganira n’Ibiro ntaramakuru by’Abongereza – Reuters dukesha iyi nkuru, Stephanie Wolters, umushakashatsi mukuru mu kigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi mu by’imibanire y’ibihugu gifite icyicaro muri Afurika y’Epfo, yagize ati: “Nibwira ko iyi ari yo ntambara ikomeye cyane muri Afurika kuri ubu. Ni cyo gihe ngo umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika werekane imbaraga zawo.”
Abategetsi b’ibihugu byo ku isi bahamagariye u Rwanda guhagarika ubufasha ruha abarwanyi ba M23, impuguke za LONI zivuga burimo ingabo n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare bigezweho.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika yaburiye ko ishobora gufatira abategetsi b’u Rwanda n’aba Kongo ibihano. Inteko nshingamategeko y’umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, kuri uyu wa Kane, yahamagariye uyu muryango guhagarika inkunga itangwa ku ngengo y’imari y’u Rwanda.
Ibiro ntaramakuru by’Abongereza – Reuters bikavuga ko nubwo biri uko ariko, Perezida Paul Kagame w’u Rwanda agikomeje kwinangira. U Rwanda rukomeje guhakana gufasha umutwe wa M23, ariko rukavuga ko ruzakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo rurinde umutekano warwo guhungabanywa n’abarwanyi bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu bari muri Kongo. Abo leta ya Kigali na M23 bavuga ko bagikomeje umugambi wo gutsemba abatutsi no gutera u Rwanda nyuma y’imyaka 30 jenoside yo muw’1994 ibaye.
M23 ni yo iheruka mu ruhererekane rw’imitwe y’inyeshyamba yo muri Kongo yagiye ivugwaho gufashwa n’u Rwanda, hatangwa iyi ntambamyi, ubwo zagendaga zegura intwaro zigatangiza imirwano mu bice byegereye umupaka byo mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo. Aha ni ahantu kure cyane y’umurwa mukuru Kinshasa, kandi hakungahaye ku mabuye y’agaciro.
Avuga ku bihano u Rwanda rurimo gusabirwa ku bw’ibirego byo gushyigikira izi nyeshyamba, Perezida Kagame yabwiye Ikinyamakuru Jeune Afrique cyandikirwa mu Bufaransa ati: “Twamaze imyaka myinshi duhanganye n’ibyari byugarije ukubaho kwacu. Twahuye n’icyago ndengakamere muri 94. Warangiza ugatangira kuza unkangisha ibihano ngo ni uko ndimo kwirengera? Ukibwira ko ibyo hari ubwoba na buke binteye?”
Aha umukuru w’u Rwanda yongeye kwibutsa ibyo yari yavuzeho byabaye muri jenoside, aho yavuze ko umukecuru wendaga kwicwa yasabwe n’abashakaga kumwica ngo ahitemo uko bamwica. Aho gukora ibyo bamusabaga, Perezida Kagame yavuze ko, uwo mukecuru yaciriye mu maso abishi be. Ati: “Ubwo wakwiyumvisha uko ngiye gucira mu maso buri wese umbwira guhitamo urupfu nkwiye kwicwa.”
Perezida wa Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Kongo, Felix Tshisekedi, kuri uyu wa Kane yagiye mu Budage, aho yitabiriye inama mpuzamahanga ku mutekano yaberaga i Munich.
Ubutumwa bwashyizwe ku ipaji y’ibiro bye ku rubuga rwa X, buvuga ko aha “yagombaga gusaba ubufatanye bwagutse bw’umuryango mpuzamahanga mu gukemura ibibazo by’intambara yo muri Kongo.”
Muw’2012 nabwo, inyeshyamba za M23 zigaruriye umujyi wa Goma. Icyakora zawumaranye igihe gito mbere yo kuwusohokamo ku gitutu cy’umuryango mpuzamahanga, ibikangisho byo gukupira u Rwanda inkunga ndetse n’ibitero by’ingabo nyafurika zahatsimbuye izi nyeshyamba.
Kuri ubu ariko bwo, impuguke zivuga ko hari ukugononwa mu guhangara u Rwanda, kandi n’uruhumbirajana rw’izindi ngorane zugarije isi zikaba zisa nk’izahugije cyane abategetsi b’isi.
Umurindi w’inyeshyamba za M23 zigana mu majyepfo wabaye nk’utinzwa n’ingabo za Kongo zibifashijwemo n’ibihumbi by’ingabo z’u Burundi, nazo zoherejwe muri Kongo.
Nyamara kuri uyu wa Gatanu izi nyeshyamba zigaruriye ikibuga cy’indege cya Kavumu giherereye mu birometero bitarenze 30 mu majyaruguru y’umujyi wa Bukavu.
Bivuze ko isaha iyo ari yo yose izi nyeshyamba zakwigaruriya uyu murwa mukuru w’intara ya Kivu y’Epfo. Bukavu yaba ibaye umurwa mukuru w’intara ya kabiri M23 yigaruriye mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo mu gihe kitarenze amezi abiri.
Hagati aho, amakimbirane hagati y’u Burundi n’u Rwanda nayo akomeje gufata indi ntera, aza yiyongera ku bushyamirane bwari busanzwe mu karere.
Insanganyamatsiko y’inama y’umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika y’uyu mwaka wa 2025, iribanda ku butabera bujyana n’impozamarira ndetse no kuvura ibikomere bikomoka ku ivanguraruhu, aho igira iti: “Ubutabera ku banyafurika n’abantu bafite inkomoko muri Afurika binyuze mu mpozamarira.”
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