Abasivili b’abanyisiraheli bivugwa ko bagera ku 1,200, barimo abagore n’abana bato cyane b’impinja bishwe basogoswe mu gitero umutwe wa Hamas wagabye mu majyepfo ya Isiraheli mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize. Abandi banya Isiraheli benshi na n’ubu baburiwe irengero.
Mu gusubiza kuri iki gitero, Minisitiri w’ingabo wa Isiraheli, Yoav Gallant yatanze ibwiriza ryo kugota umuhora wa Gaza wose no kuwushyira mu kato. Yavuze ko “nta mashanyarazi, nta biribwa, nta mazi, nta bikomoka kuri peteroli” bizemererwa kwinjira ngo bigere ku banyapalestina barenga miliyoni ebyiri batuye muri uyu muhora wa Gaza utegekwa n’umutwe wa Hamas.
Amashusho aturuka muri Gaza yakwirakwijwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga: amashusho ateye ubwoba y’abanyapalestina bagendagenda mu bisigazwa by’inyubako zasenyutse byuzuye amaraso nyuma y’ibitero byo mu kirere bya Isiraheli.
Kugeza ku itariki ya 15 y’uku kwezi kwa 10, abategetsi ba Palesitina batangazaga ko muri Gaza abantu bagera ku bihumbi 2,330 ari bo bamaze kwicwa uhereye ku itariki ya 7, bivuze ko abanya Gaza bamaze gupfa baruta umubare w’abapfuye mu ntambara yose ya Gaza yo muw’2014.
Gusobanukirwa neza ibirimo kuba uyu munsi wa none muri Gaza birasaba ubumenyi ku mateka y’iki kibazo.
1.Ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni n’ishingwa rya Isiraheli
Gaza yategetswe n’ubwami bw’abami bwa Ottoman (Turukiya y’ubu) kugeza muw’1917. Muw’1922, Palestina yegukiye ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni bw’Abongereza bayitegetse hafi imyaka 30. Muri iyo myaka, Abayahudi bahungaga itotezwa rishingiye ku myemerere mu by’idini bimukiye muri Palesitina ku bwinshi. Benshi muri bo baturukaga mu Burayi bw’Uburasirazuba, aho ingengabitekerezo y’abanazi yari irimo gushinga imizi.
Abagendera ku mirongo ya politiki ya “Zionisme” ijyanye n’ukongera gushinga no kurengera igihugu cy’abayahudi, bashatse gushinga igihugu cy’abayahudi muri Palestina. Icyo gihe bavugaga ko ibyo bifitanye isano n’amateka y’igihugu cya Isiraheli avugwa muri Bibiliya. Leta y’abongereza yemeye iyi muvoma ya Zionism ndetse yiyemeza ko igihugu cy’Abayahudi kizashingwa muri Palestina.
Nyuma y’aho abanazi batsindiwe, Ubwongereza bwahaye LONI ububasha bwo kugabanyamo kabiri Palestina. Muw’1948, LONI yemeje gahunda yo kugabanyamo Palestina ibihugu bibiri, yahise yamaganirwa kure n’abategetsi bo mu bihugu by’abarabu. Icyakora, ntibyabujije ko Isiraheli itangaza ishingwa ryayo.
Mu ntamabara ya Kabiri y’Isi, urunana rw’ibihugu byiyunze rwemereye abategetsi b’ibihugu by’abarabu ubwigenge no kuvanwa mu bukoloni nk’ingurane y’ubufasha abo bategetsi batanze mu gihe cy’intambara. Benshi mu barabu b’abanyapalestina rero bafashe ishingwa rya Isiraheli nko kwisubiraho ku isezerano bari bahawe.
Mu kwa Gatanu kw’1948, intambara yaradutse hagati ya Isiraheli na leta eshanu z’abarabu zituranye nayo. Ni intambara Isiraheli yaje gutsinda ndetse yagura byimazeyo ubutaka bwayo, mu ho yaguriye imbago hakabamo na Yeruzalemu – umujyi mutagatifu ku bayisilamu cyo kimwe no ku bayahudi.
Ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’abanyapalestina, abenshi muri bo bari bavanywe mu midugudu yabo, bahungiye muri Gaza, umuhora mutoya wo ku nyanja w’ibirometero 40 by’uburebure wari umaze kwigarurirwa n’igisirikare cya Misiri. Abaturage ba Gaza bahise bikuba inshuro eshatu kubera impunzi zahazaga ku bwinshi.
2.Misiri yaje kwirukanwa muri Gaza
Misiri yategetse umuhora wa Gaza imyaka igera kuri 20 hategekwa na guverineri wa gisirikare. Muri icyo gihe cyose, abanyapalestina bari bemerewe kubona imirimo no kwiga mu Misiri.
Umutwe w’aba fedayeen, w’abanyapalestina wiyitaga indwanyi z’ukwishyira ukizana, wamaze imyaka myinshi ugaba ibitero kenshi kuri Isiraheli, ariko ntibigire icyo bigeraho ahubwo ukahatakariza abarwanyi benshi.
Isiraheli yigaruriye umuhora wa Gaza mu ntambara yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati yo muw’1967 ndetse ihirika umutegetsi w’umunya Misiri watwaraga uyu muhora. Igisirikare cya Isiraheli cyagenzuraga ako karere mu gihe umubare munini w’abanya Gaza batangiraga gukora imirimo y’amaboko hafi no mu bikingi abanya Isiraheli bari barashinze hanze ya Gaza.
Kubona ubutaka bwahoze ari ubwabo butunzwe n’abanya Isiraheli byashavuje abanyapalestina benshi – kandi kugeza n’ubu “uko kwigarurirwa,” nk’uko nyinshi mu mbirimbanyi z’uburenganzira zibyita, ni yo ntandaro y’inzika ikarishye.
3.Ivuka rya Hamas
Imvururu z’abaturage zafashe indi ntera muw’1987 nyuma y’aho ikamyo y’igisirikare cya Isiraheli – IDF, igonze imodoka ya gisivili, hagapfiramo abakozi b’abanyapalestina bane. Abanya Gaza bafashe izi mfu nk’igitero cyagambiriwe, ibyo leta ya Isiraheli yahakanye. Ibi byakurikiwe n’imyigaragambyo ikomeye irimo no gutera amabuye.
Mu kuririra kuri izo mvururu, umuryango Muslim Brotherhood, w’abayisilamu bo mu bwoko bw’aba Sunni ukorera mu Misiri, wahise ushinga irindi tsinda ry’impirimbanyi muri Gaza ryitwa Hamas. Mu gihe gitoya, iyi Hamas yahise iba umukeba ukomeye wa Yasser Arafat, umuyobozi w’ishyaka riharanira ukwibohora kwa Palestina – PLO.
Intego Hamas yihaye ni ugusenya Isiraheli no gushinga leta ya kiyisilamu aho Isiraheli yahoze. Imvugo yo mu mahame-shingiro yayo, ihamagarira urugomo rwibasira abayahudi aho bari hose, yaramaganywe cyane.
4.Amasezerano ya Oslo
Muw’1993, Isiraheli n’ishyaka PLO baremeranyije mu masezerano y’i Oslo muri Noruveje, amasezerano y’amahoro atari bwakabeho mbere. Ayo yemeraga ishyirwaho ry’ubutegetsi bwa Palestina akanabuha ububasha budasesuye kuri Gaza na Yeriko, umujyi wo mu karere ka Sisijordaniya. Arafat yanemerewe gusubira i Gaza nyuma y’imyaka mirongo mu buhungiro.
Amasezerano yasezeranyaga ukwemerwa k’ubwigenge, ariko mu myaka yakurikiyeho, uwo mugambi waburijwemo, bitewe n’uko abanyapalestina baba barananiwe kubahiriza ingingo nyinshi zari ziyagize. Uko Isiraheli yakomezaga gahunda yayo yo kubaka imidugudu, ni nako Hamas yagendaga igwiza ingufu mu banya Gaza bari batengushywe.
5.Ikinyejana cya 21
Ikinyejana cya 21 cyatangiranye n’ukwiyongera k’ubushyamirane hagati ya Isiraheli na Gaza ubwo ibitero by’ubwiyahuzi bwo kwiturikirizaho ibisasu hamwe n’ibyo kurasa kuri Isiraheli muw’2000 byatumaga hashyirwaho amasaha y’umukwabu na za bariyeri ku muhora wose wa Gaza.
Mu gihe gito, Isiraheli yahagaritse urwego rw’uburobyi rwa Gaza, ari narwo shingiro ry’ubukungu bwayo. Impamvu Isiraheli yatangaga ni uko umutwe wa Hamas winjizaga mu buryo bwa magendu intwaro zo gukoresha ugaba ibitero by’iterabwoba zigatwarwa mu mato y’uburobyi.
Kugeza mu kwa Munani kwa 2005, igisirikare cya Isiraheli cyari cyamaze kureka burundu Gaza, cyimuye imidugudu y’abanya Isiraheli bari bahatuye mu cyemezo cyiswe ubutaka bw’amasezerano y’amahoro. Uyu muhora ukikijwe n’uruzitiro rurimo n’umuriro w’amashanyarazi, wahise wigarurirwa n’ubucuruzi butemewe.
Hamwe n’ibura ry’imirimo yo mu bubiko bw’ibicuruzwa yari yarazanywe muri Gaza n’abanya Isiraheli, abacuruzi ba magendu batangiye kujya binjiza bakanasohora ibicuruzwa muri aka gace banyuze mu buvumo buca munsi y’ubutaka bugahinguka mu Misiri.
Bivuye ku burakari bwinshi, Hamas yatsinze ku bwiganze bwo hejuru amatora y’abadepite muri Gaza muw’2006 aba ari yo igenzura aka karere ikambuye abari bashyigikiye Arafat.
Hamas ntirongera gukoresha irindi tora na rimwe kuva icyo gihe, kandi Isiraheli nayo yarekeye Gaza mu kato imyaka ishize irenga 15. Muw’2009, LONI yanenze ayo mabwiriza amaze igihe kirekire Gaza yashyiweho ivuga ko “ateje akaga.” Ariko Isiraheli yasubije ko hatagenzuwe cyane ibyinjira n’ibisohoka muri Gaza, Hamas yakomeza kongera ingufu yinjiza izindi ntwaro nyinshi zikomeye.
Misiri nayo yashyizeho amabwiriza akomeye ku mupaka ihana na Gaza ndetse isenya ubuvumo bwayihuzaga n’ako karere ku mpungenge z’umutekano w’igihugu.
Muw’2014, Hamas yarashe ibisasu bya rokete ku mijyi ya Isiraheli. Mu kwihimura, Isiraheli nayo yashenye ibiturage byo muri Gaza ikoresheje ibitero byo mu kirere. Icyo gihe abanyapalestina barenga 2,100 barapfuye, abenshi muri bo bari basivili.
Ikigo gishinzwe itumanaho rya gisirikare mu muryango wo gutabarana wa OTAN, cyatangaje ko abarwanyi ba Hamas bakunze kwihisha mu duce dutuwe mu mijyi kandi mu ntambara zabo bakunze gukoresha abasivili nk’ingabo yo kwikingira kuva muw’2007.
6.Ni iki kirimo kuba uyu munsi?
Amaraso y’abasivili b’abanya Isiraheli abarwanyi ba Hamas bamennye ku itariki ya 7 y’uku kwezi kwa Cumi, umunsi mukuru w’abayahudi wa Shemini Atzeret, yavuzweho cyane mu binyamakuru hirya no hino ku isi.
Hamas imaze kwinjira mu mijyi yo muri Isiraheli, yarashe abari mu birori byo kwizihiza uyu munsi ndetse itwara bugwate abasivili babarirwa muri mirongo. Isiraheli nayo yaturikije Gaza ikoresheje ibitero by’ingege, byashenye ibiturage byinshi byo muri uyu muhora.
Abategetsi muri leta y’Amerika bavuze ko igihugu cya Irani cyaba gifasha Hamas binyuze mu kuyitoza amayeri y’imirwanire, kuyigisha uburyo bwo guteranya ibisasu bya misile bikorakoranye ikoranabuhanga rikataje ndetse kikanayiha imfashanyo ya buri mwaka ingana na miliyoni 100 z’amadolari y’Amerika.
Ibyo bikaba biri mu byatije umurindi ubukana by’igitero uyu mutwe uheruka kugaba. Abasesenguzi bavuga ko isiraheli irimo gutegura ibitero byagutse kuri Gaza.
Jonathan Conricus, Umuvugizi w’igisirikare cya Isiraheli – IDF, yatangaje ko igitero cy’iya 7 y’ukwa 10 kuri Isiraheli “ari wo munsi mubi kurusha iyindi wabayeho mu mateka ya Isiraheli. ndetse ungana n’ibitero by’iterabwoba by’iya 11/09 kuri Amerika n’igitero cya Pearl Harbor (ku nyanja ya Pasifika) mu ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi byombi ubibumbiye hamwe.
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