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Mu Bihugu Vyiinshi Vyo Muri Afrika, Usanga Ibwirizwa Shingiro Ritubahirizwa


Incabwenge zivuga ko mu ntara ya Afrika, hari ibihugu usanga ibwirishingiro ari ryiza, mu gihe haba n’ibwirizwa shingiro ribi, canke ugasaba ingingo zimwe zimwe ziri mur’iryo bwirizwa shingiro ari mbi.

Ibwirizwa nshingiro ryo mu gihugu ca Afrika y’Epfo ry’inyuma ya ya ntwaro y’ivanguramoko, ryashizwe mu ngiro mu mwaka w’1997, ryama rifatwa nk’ibwirizwa shingiro rikwiye kuba akarorero, ngo kuko rishira imbere inzira ya demokrasi, imico, ubutungane hagati mu banyagihugu hamwe n’iyubahirizwa ry’agateka ka zina muntu.

Incabwenge zanonosoye ivyerekeye intara ya Afrika nka, Timothy Longman, umuyobozi w’ibiro bijejwe kwiga intara ya afrika biri muri kaminuza, Boston University, yo muri reta zunze ubumwe za amerika, baratanga kandi akarorera ku Burundi, aho bavuga kw’ ibwirizwa shingiro ryagenze neza.

Ibwirizwa shingiro ryo mu Burundi ryemejwe mu mwaka 2005, ryaratoreye inyishu ikibazo kijanye n’ibitigiri mu gisirikare, no mu nama nshingamateka, mu mugambi wo gutorera ikibazo c’uruhagarara rwari rumaze imyaka n’imyaka hagati Umushingantahe Longman avuga kw’ata nkeka, hariho ingorane za politike mu Burundi, yamara ngo izo ngorane ntabwo zigihagaze ku moko, nk’uko vyari bimeze mbere, kuko imirwi yose iserukiwe mu nzego zitandukanye. Izo ngingo ngo zarafashije cane.

J. Peter Phan, umuyobozi w’ibiro bifise icicaro I Washington vyihweza intara ya Afrika, vyitwa, Atlantic Council, avuga ko hari ibihugu bitari bike, nk’igihugu ca Republika ya Congo iharanira demokrasi, bifise ibwirizwa shingiro ryiza ku rupapuro vyonene, yamara ngo amategeko ari mur’iryo bwirizwa shingiro, ugasanga atigera yubahirizwa, kandi atigera ashirwa mu ngiro.

Umushingantahe Phan avuga kw’igihugu ca Republika ya Congo iharanira demokrasi kidafise ibwirizwa shingiro ribi na gato: Ati ingorane z’iryo bwirizwa shingiro, n’uko ata matora yigenga kandi akoreshejwe ku mugararo, aba. N’ukuvuga ko mu vy’ukuri, igihugu ca Republika ya Congo iharanira demokrasi, kitigera cubahiriza iryo bwirizwa shingiro, cane cane ku vyerekeye amatora.

Abahinga banonosoye intara ya Afrika, bavuga kw’amategeko y’ibwirizwa shingiro yo mu bihugu vyo muri afrika, ashimikira cane cane ku butegetsi buri mu minwe y’akagwi gatoyi, kandi atigera ashira imbere ubudasa bwinshi mu gihugu.

G. Pascal Zachary, yigisha muri kaminuza yo mu ntara ya Arizona, yandika cane kuri Afrika, avuga ko yipfuza kw’ibwiriziwa shingiro ryo mu gihugu ca Nigeria, rihindurwa.

Umushingantahe Zachary yibaza ko hari ibintu vyinshi bitatorerwa umuti mu bijanye n’amadini hamwe n’intara.

Umwigisha yigisha Science Politike muri kaminuza Yale University ava mu gihugu ca Afrika y’Epfo Ian Shapiro, avuga ko bihambaye cane kw’amategeteko yo mw’ibwirizwa shingiro, atanga akaryo ko kwiteza imbere mu vyerekeye ubutunzi na politike.

Shapiro avuga ko mu gihe cose abantu bari ku butegetsi baba aribo bafise umutungo w’igihugu; bakaba arinabo baronswa amacontrat avuye hanze; bakaba kandi aribo bafise ububasha bwa politike, abandi nabo batari muri politike, baca babivamwo, maze bakihereza ibikorwa vy’ubwicanyi, canke bakagerageza kugira coup d’Etat, canke ubundi buryo bwo gutembagaza intwari.

Yamara Shapiro avuga ko kunagura ibwirizwa shingiro, bidakwiye kuba arico kintu ca mbere, societe civile zikwiye kuba zishira imbere.

Arongera akavuga kw’ ibiturire canke inzego z’igihugu zidashoboye imirimo yazo, hamwe n’ikibazo c’uruzuba, arivyo bintu bitegerezwa gushirwa imbere kugira ngo igihugu gishobore kwiteza imbere. Ati guhindura ibwirizwa shingiro nta kintu kinini bishikako.

Avuga ko naho ibwirizwa shingiro ribi rishobora kubangamira iterambere, ibwirizwa shingiro ryiza ku rupapuro gusa, ngo ntiribuza kw’ama coup d’Etat hamwe n’ingwano biba.

Muri rusangi rero nk’uko abahinga benshi babivuga, amategeko meza yizwe neza kandi akwirikizwa neza, agashirwa mu ngiro mu vyerekeye ibibazo vya politike, ubutunzi hamwe n’imibano, niyo atuma intwaro za demokrasi zitsimbatara.

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