Iyo ngwara y’umugera wiswe Marburg yatanguye kuboneka ubwa mbere mu gihugu c’Ubudagi mu myaka y’1960, mu gisagara citwa Marburg. Ni na co cahavuye citirirwa uwo mugera, nk’uko bitangazwa n’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ryitaho amagara y’abantu, OMS.
Mu myaka y’1980, iyo ngwara yari imaze gushika muri Kenya, hafi y’umusozi muremure wa Elgon, ugenderwa n’ingenzi nyinshi zirimwo n’abanyabulaya. Umwe mu baharwariye, Umufaransa Charles Monet, yafashwe acibwamwo, ayogwa, afise ubushuhe bwinshi, kandi acitse intege. Yivurije ku bitaro vy’I Nairobi, aho yahavuye yitaba Imana, asiga yanduje umuganga wo kuri ivyo bitaro yamwakiriye. Iyo ngwara yaciye irarandagaza muri ico gihugu.
Uwo mugera uri mu bwoko bumwe n’ubwa Ebola, na yo yatanguye mu gihugu ca Misiri, ivuye mu dukoko tw’uduhungarema mu myaka y’1970. Na yo yakwiragiye cane iciye muri Repubulika ya demokarasi ya Kongo. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko n’iyo ngwara ya Marburg hari ibice vyayo vyavuye mu duhungarema two mu Misiri.
Kubera zifise ibimenyetso bimwe, zifata kumwe, ndetse zica n’ingoga co kimwe, ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ryitaho amagara y’abantu ryazishize mu muryango umwe. Ndetse kubera Marburg itazwi, mu kuyisigura iryo shirahamwe riyigereranya na Ebola izwi cane mu Afrika, ndetse yahitanye abantu benshi muri Kongo.
Imbere y’umwaka w’2000, ikiza ca Marburg cavugwa cane muri Kenya, Afrika y’epfo, Kongo na Zimbabwe. Mu mwaka w’2004, iyo ngwara yabonetse ari nyinshi muri Angola.
Muri 2014 ni ho yashika mu gihugu ca Uganda. Mu mwaka w’2022 no ku mwaka uheze, iyo ngwara yarashitse mu bihugu vya Ghana, Tanzaniya, na Gineya. Gutyo, OMS ica itangaza ko Marburg ari ikiza muri Afrika.
Uwuyirwaye ayanduza mugenzi we bakoranyeko, bambaranye impuzu, iciye mu biseru, mu maberebere, mu mate, mu ndugumba, mu maraso, mu musozi, mu bihimba vy’irondoka, n’ibindi. Co kimwe na Ebola, ikiziga c’uwahitanywe n’umugera wa Marburg kirashobora kwanduza abantu bagikozeko bose.
Mu bimenyetso vy’iyo ngwara harimwo ubushuhe bwinshi, gucibwamwo, kuyogwa, gucika intege mu ngingo, kumeneka umutwe bikabije, kubabara mu nda, n’ibindi. Uwayanduye ashobora kumara ikiringo c’iminsi 7 gushika ku ndwi zitatu ibimenyetso bitaraja ahabona.
Iyo ngwara yaraye yadutse mu gihugu c’u Rwanda, yari imaze guhitana abantu 9 gushika kuri uyu wa kabiri, nk’uko bitangazwa n’ubushikiranganji bw’amagara y’abantu. Abantu barenga 300 barikekwa ko boba barabonanye n’umuntu wa mbere yatowemwo iyo ngwara. Na we yafashwe avuye mu gihugu c’Ububiligi. Muri bo, 27 baramaze gushikanwa kwa muganga kugira bitabweho. Nka bose ni abaganga bo mu bitaro biri mu turere 7 kuri 30 tugize u Rwanda.
Gushika ubu nta rucanco canke umuti w’uwo mugera uraboneka kw’isi. OMS ivuga ko havurwa ivyo bimenyetso gusa. OMS ivuga kandi ko hari abamaze kuvurwa mu bihugu bitandukanye bagakira. Ivuga kandi ko ico kiza kiri mu Rwanda kibangamiye abantu ku rwego rw’igihugu n’akarere u Rwanda rurimwo.
Uturere twabonetsemwo ico kiza harimwo utwegereye ibihugu bibanyi nka Rubavu gahana urubibe na Kongo, Nyagatare, na Gatsibo hahana urubibe na Uganda hamwe na Tanzaniya.
Ivyo bihugu na vyo nyene vyarigeze kubonekamwo uwo mugera wa Marburg, nk’uko OMS ibitangaza. Muri Tanzaniya, abarwaye uwo mugera baturuka mu ntara ya Kagera, ihana urubibe n’u Rwanda.
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