Mu nkuru zihariye zisobanura ibirebana n’amatora muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika yo muri uyu mwaka, turarebera hamwe iby’amafaranga ayagendaho muri rusange. Amatora yo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika arahenda cyane. Ni yo ya mbere kw’isi atwara amafaranga menshi.
Urugero: amafaranga yo mu matora yo mu 2020 muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika akubye inshuro 24 amafaranga y’amatora yo mu Bwongereza yo mu 2019.
Icyo gihe, Abongereza bavuguruye intebe zose 650 z’inteko ishinga amategeko – Umutwe w’Abadepite bita “House of Commons of the United Kingdom.” Aya matora ni yo avamo minisitiri w’intebe, ari nawe ufite ubutegetsi nyakuri bw’igihugu.
Naho mu 2020, Abanyamerika batoye umukuru w’igihugu, bavugurura n’intebe zose 435 za Congress – Umutwe w’Abadepite n’intebe 33 za Sena.
Turekeye aho kugereranya, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika yakoresheje amadolari arenga miliyari 16 mu matora yo mu 2020. Harimo ayo abakandida ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu no mu nteko ishinga amategeko, n’amashyaka bakoresheje mu bikorwa byo kwiyamamaza n’imishahara y’abakozi bari babirimo.
Mu matora y’uyu mwaka, aho byari bihagaze kuva mu kwezi kwa mbere 2023 kugera mu kwa kane gushize kw’2024, abiyamamariza imyanya y’umukuru w’igihugu, depite na senateri ku rwego rw’igihugu basaruye amadolari agera kuri miliyari 8.6. Muri yo, bakoresheje 65%, ni ukuvuga amadolari miliyari 5.6. Baracyakomeza.
Aya mafaranga ava he? Hari uburyo butatu: mu mpano, mw’isanduku bwite ya kandida, cyangwa muri leta.
Impano zituruka ku baturage basanzwe, batanga udufaranga duke duke, ariko akaba amamiliyoni iyo benshi bagiye baturekura. Izindi mpano ziva mu baherwe cyangwa ibigo bitandukanye.
Naho ku bikorera ubwabo, twatanga urugero rw’umukire witwa Michael Bloomberg wo mw’ishyaka ry’Abademokarate. Mu 2020 yashatse kwiyamamariza umwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu. Ku munsi wa mbere akibitangaza, yasohoye mu mufuka we bwite amadolari miliyoni 200. Ariko yaratsinzwe mu majonjora y’imbere mw’ishyaka. Ni Joe Biden wayatsinze, aza no gutsindira amatora ya perezida wa Repubulika.
Guverinoma yo ku rwego rw’igihugu nayo ishobora guha amafaranga atishyurwa abakandida ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu bonyine gusa. Ariko si bose. Ushaka ko guverinoma imuha amafaranga yo kwiyamamaza afite byinshi asabwa kuba yujuje.
Icya mbere: agomba kuba aturuka mu ishyaka. Guverinoma ishobora kumuha amafaranga yo kwiyamamaza mu majonjora no mu matora ya nyuma na nyuma yo guhitamo umukuru w’igihugu.
Icya kabiri: agomba kubanza kwerekana ko ashyigikiwe muri rubanda. Muri urwo rwego, agomba kubanza gusarura mu baturage impano zingana cyangwa zirenze amadolari 5.000 muri leta byibura 20 kuri 50 zigize igihugu, ni ukuvuga byibura amadolari 100.000 cyangwa arenzeho. Aha naho, izi mpano zagomba guturuka ku baturage byibura 20 muri buri leta. Uyahawe n’umuntu umwe, guverinoma ntiyaguha amafaranga yo kwiyamamaza.
Icya gatatu: usabye amafaranga ya guverinoma ntiyongera gusaba impano izo ari zo zose. Akoresha ayo imuhaye gusa. Kandi nabwo yiyemeza kutarenza amafaranga umubare runaka mu matora yose. Muri aya yo muri uyu mwaka, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’amatora, Federal Election Commission mu Cyongereza, ivuga ko uwayahabwa adashobora gukoresha amadolari arenze miliyoni 61.79 kugera amatora arangiye.
Uretse iby’abakandida-perezida wa Repubulika, guverinoma yo ku rwego rw’igihugu yajyaga inatanga amafaranga yo gukoresha inama kaminuza z’amashyaka akomeye, bita “Convention,” zo kwimika burundu kandida wayo. Yabikoze kuva mu 1976 kugera mu 2012. Itegeko ryabikuyeho mu 2014.
Ubwa nyuma mu 2012, buri shyaka rikomeye ryabonye amadolari miliyoni 18.2 yo gukoresha inama kaminuza. Icyo gihe, Perezida Barack Obama yabaye kandida w’ishyaka ry’Abademokarate, naho iry’Abarepubulikani ryimitse uwitwa Mitt Romney. Obama yaje kumutsinda mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu, abona manda ya kabiri.
Amashyaka mato nayo yashoboraga kubona imfashanyo ya guverinoma bitewe n’uburemere afite mu baturage.
Hagati aho, iyo amatora arangiye, uwahawe inkunga ya guverinoma agomba kwerekana uko yayikoresheje, ikabyigenzurira.
Uretse ibyo, guverinoma yo ku rwego rw’igihugu ni yo iha leta zose uko ari 50 zikigize, umurwa mukuru Washington D.C. agenzurwa na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, ibyo bita “territories,” imali y’umutekano w’amatora. Kuva mu 2018, yazihaye amadolari 880. Ziyakoresha mu byo guhugura abakozi b’amatora, imishahara yabo, n’ibyuma by’ikoranabuhanga by’amatora n’ibijyana nabyo byose.
Ese kandida ufite imali itubutse yo kwiyamamaza ni we utsinda? Si buri gihe, ariko abenshi ni bo koko batorwa. Nko mu matora y’inteko ishinga amategeko yo ku rwego rw’igihugu yo mu 2022, abakandida-depite 93% bazaga kw’isonga mu bari bafite imali yo kwiyamamaza itubutse baratsinze. Naho muri Sena, 82% ni bo batowe. Muri make, amafaranga afite uruhare runini mu matora. Demokarasi irahenda.
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