Henry Kissinger, wabaye umujyanama wa leta mu by’umutekano icya rimwe na Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika yapfuye ku myaka 100, aguye iwe muri leta ya Connecticut.
Bwana Kissinger wayoboye Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’amahanga mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Richard Nixon, imitegekere ye yagize ingaruka cyane mu isi na nyuma cyane y’ubutegetsi bwe.
Urupfu rwe rwatangajwe n’ikigo ngishwanama mu bya politiki cye mu ijoro ryo kuwa gatatu rishyira uyu wa Kane, ariko ntihatangajwe icyamwishe.
Henry Kissinger kuri bamwe yabonwaga nk’umuhanga n’inkerebutsi muri politiki mpuzamahanga na dipolomasi, mu gihe abandi bamufataga nk’uwakoze ibyaha byo mu ntambara.
Henry Kissinger amazina yahawe n’ababyeyi ni Heinz Alfred Kissinger. Yavukiye i Fuerth mu Budage kuya 27 y’ukwezi kwa Gatanu muw’1923. We n’umuryango we, w’abayahudi, bahungiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika muw’1938 bacika itotezwa abanazi bakoreraga abayahudi.
Yinjiye mu gisirikare cy’Amerika mu ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi, nyuma ajya kwiga muri Kaminuza ya Havard ndetse aza no kuyikorera.
Uko yinjiye muri politike
Muw’1969, uwari Perezida Richard Nixon yatoranyije Kissinger nk’umujyanama w’igihugu mu by’umutekano. Nyuma yaho yaje no kugirwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga, aba umuntu wa mbere ugiye muri izo nshingano zombi icya rimwe.
Kissinger yashyizeho uburyo bwe bw’imikorere ya dipolomasi yise “realpolitik”, bushingira politiki mpuzamahanga yise ko ari ubw’ibifatika muri politiki, kuruta ibyemezo bigendera ku myitwarire.
Aaron David Miller yahagarariye ubutegetsi bw’aba Demokarate n’ubw’aba Repubulikani mu biganiro bitandukanye, ariko ntiyakoze mu gihe cya Kissinger. Ubu ni umushakashatsi mu kigo Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Avuga ku byaranze ubuzima bwa Kissinger, yagize ati: “Abamutuka bazavuga ko yari umugome utagira impuhwe. Bamwe bavuga, kandi bishobora kuba ukuri kwa bamwe mu bategetsi b’Amerika, ko akwiye gufatwa nk’uwakoze ibyaha byo mu ntambara, ku byabaye muri Cambodge, Cambodge na Laos…politiki ye kuri Bangladesh mu ntangiriro ya za 70. Ariko ukuri ni uko yanahinduye dipolomasi mu buryo budasanzwe.”
Uruhare rwe mu ntambara zitandukanye
Muw’1969, Kissinger ntiyigeze yereka inteko uburyo igisirikare cy’Amerika cyamishe amabombe kuri Cambodge na Laos, ibyongereye ubukana intambara ya Vietnam.
Ariko kandi Kissinger ni nawe wahuye inshuro nyinshi na Le Duc Tho wa Koreya ya Ruguru mu biganiro byagejeje irangira ry’iyo ntambara, ibyo bombi baherewe igihembo cy’uwaharaniye amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel muw’1973. Icyakora Le Duc Tho we igihembo yaracyanze.
Kissinger muw’1972 yaganiriye n’Ubushinwa, mu gutegura uruzinduko rw’uwari Perezida w’Amerika Nixon muri iki gihugu cy’abakomusiniste ngo ahure n’uwari umukuru w’Ubushinwa Mao Zedong, ibyari bibaye ubwa mbere kuri perezida w’Amerika.
Ibi byafashwe nk’imwe mu ntsinzi zikomeye za Bwana Kissinger. Icyakora Jarrod Hayes, umwarimu wigisha amasomo y’imibanire y’ibihugu kuri kaminuza ya Massachusetts abibona ukundi. Uyu avuga ko Kissinger yari umuhanga mu kwamamaza. Aganira n’Ijwi ry’Amerika yagize ati:
“Yahinduye uburyo dipolomasi ikorwamo abinyujije mu mikorere ye ya shuttle diplomacy, ayigira igitangaza, atuma ikundwa. Yarayitatse, atuma iboneka neza, wabyita uko. Ku buryo ibyo bimwubaka nk’ikirango cya poliki y’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ariko uvanyeho icyo kirango, ukinjiramo neza, ntabwo ari politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga yajya mu mateka ko yafashije neza Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika by’umwihariko.”
Kissinger yagiriye inama buri muperezida w’Amerika kuva kuri Richard Nixon, kugeza kuri Joe Biden uriho ubu, utaramutumiye mu biro bye.
Umwarimu w’amateka Michael Kimmage avuga ko uruhare rwe rwamaze igihe kinini muri politiki mpuzamahanga ari ntagereranywa. Ariko ntiyemera ko filozofiya ya “Realpolitik” ya Bwana Kissinger, cyangwa se politiki ishingiye gusa ku nyungu yitandukanya n’indangagaciro, yashinze imizi muri politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’Amerika.
Aganira n’Ijwi ry’Amerika, Porofeseri Kimmage, wigisha kuri Kaminuza Gatulika y’Amerika, yagize ati:
“Nibwira ko na we yari abizi neza ko izingiro rya politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’Amerika ari icyo twakwita ukwishyira ukizana mpuzamahanga, cyangwa se iyo twita “Wilsonianism” isanishwa na Perezida Woodrow Wilson, washinze umuryango SDN akanarwana intambara ya Mbere y’Isi ku ntego igira iti, ‘gutuma isi itekana kuri demukarasi.’ Uyu mu by’ukuri ni wo mugenzo muri politiki mpuzamahanga y’Amerika, kandi Kissinger yasaga nk’uhanganye nawo. Ni muri urwo rwego, ntatekereza ko, uko biri kose, yatsinze izo mpaka.”
Bwana Kissinger yakuruye izindi mpaka muw’2022, ubwo yasaga n’uvuga ko Ukraine igomba kwitegura guhara tumwe mu turere ngo intambara y’Uburusiya irangire.
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